{"id":3636,"date":"2019-03-09T22:18:10","date_gmt":"2019-03-09T16:48:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/?p=3636"},"modified":"2022-10-04T09:33:57","modified_gmt":"2022-10-04T04:03:57","slug":"history-of-computers-lesson-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/history-of-computers-lesson-3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0daf\u0dd8\u0da9\u0dcf\u0d82\u0d9c \u0db4\u0dcf\u0da9\u0dcf\u0db8\u0dca \u0db8\u0dcf\u0dbd\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0d85\u0d82\u0d9a 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><strong>\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dcf (Computer Generation<\/strong>)<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>First Generation (\u0db4\u0dc5\u0db8\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0) (1951-1958)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0d89\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dc4\u0dcf\u0dc3\u0dba\u0dda \u0db4\u0dc5\u0db8\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd9 \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a circuits \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0dcf \u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dad \u0d9a\u0db4\u0dcf\u0da7 (Vacuum tubes) memory \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0dcf magnetic drums \u0daf \u0dba\u0ddc\u0daf\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0db1\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8 \u0d86\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db7 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba. \u0d92\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dba \u0d85\u0dad\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d89\u0dad\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dcf\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dd6 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0db8\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0daf \u0d85\u0db0\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba. \u0dad\u0dc0\u0daf \u0d91\u0db8 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0daf\u0ddd\u0dc2 \u0dc3\u0dc4\u0d9c\u0dad \u0dad\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0db1\u0dca\u0daf \u0d85\u0db0\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0db4\u0dc5\u0db8\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dbb\u0d9a\u0daf\u0dd3 \u0d91\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0db4\u0db8\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd4 \u0d9a\u0dbd \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0d92 \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d94\u0dc0\u0dd4\u0db1\u0dca machine language (\u0daf\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dba \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9b\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dcf Binary code) \u0db1\u0db8\u0dd0\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dc0\u0dda\u0daf\u0dba \u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dad\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1 \u0dbd\u0daf\u0dd3<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>ENIAC<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0db4\u0dc5\u0db8\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dca \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba &#8211; 1946 \u0daf\u0dd3 J.Presper Eckert \u0dc4\u0dcf John Mauchly, \u201cENIAC\u201d (Electronic Numerical Integrator &amp; Calculator) \u0db1\u0db8\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dc5\u0db8\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dca \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba \u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dad\u0d9a \u0d9a\u0db4\u0dcf\u0da7 \u0d8b\u0db4\u0dba\u0ddc\u0d9c\u0dd3 \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0d9c\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0db4\u0daf\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dbd\u0daf\u0dd2. John Von Neumann \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca, \u0d85\u0db7\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0db1\u0dca\u0dad\u0dbb \u0d9c\u0dab\u0db1\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dca \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0dcf \u0daf\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dba \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9b\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dcf \u0db4\u0daf\u0dca\u0db0\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0db4\u0dd2\u0dc5\u0dd2\u0db6\u0db3\u0dc0 \u0dba\u0ddd\u0da2\u0db1\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1 \u0dbd\u0daf\u0dd3. Stored program \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9a\u0dbd\u0dca\u0db4\u0dba 1948 \u0db1\u0dca \u0db4\u0dc3\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0db4\u0daf\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dbd\u0daf \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dbd\u0dd4\u0db8 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9a\u0dbd\u0dca\u0db4 2 \u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dad\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1 \u0dbd\u0daf\u0dd3.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" data-attachment-id=\"3621\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/history-of-computers-lesson-2\/pc-hw-lessons-eniac\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/pc-hw-lessons-ENIAC.png?fit=377%2C231&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"377,231\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"pc-hw-lessons-ENIAC\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/pc-hw-lessons-ENIAC.png?fit=377%2C231&amp;ssl=1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3621 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/pc-hw-lessons-ENIAC.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"377\" height=\"231\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Second Generation (\u0daf\u0dd9\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0) (1953-1963)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1948 \u0daf\u0dd3 William Shockley, John Bardeen \u0dc4\u0dcf Walter Brattain \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dca\u0da7\u0dbb\u0dba \u0db1\u0dd2\u0db4\u0daf\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dbd\u0daf\u0dd3. \u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dda\u0daf\u0dd3 vacuum tubes \u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0da7 transistors \u0dba\u0ddc\u0daf\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dba \u0d86\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db7 \u0d9a\u0dd9\u0dbb\u0dd4\u0dab\u0dd4 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0db8\u0dd9\u0dba radio , TV \u0dc0\u0dbd\u0da7\u0daf \u0dba\u0ddc\u0daf\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dab\u0dd2. \u0db8\u0dda\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dd4\u0da9\u0dcf, \u0dc0\u0dda\u0d9c\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca, \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0db8 electronic \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba. IBM \u0dc3\u0db8\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0ddc\u0dc0 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dd4\u0d9b\u0dad\u0db8 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dca\u0db4\u0dcf\u0daf\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0db8\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0db8 \u0dc0\u0dd4 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb IBM 1401 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba \u0daf\u0dd9\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db8\u0dd4\u0dbd\u0dca\u0db8 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0daf\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a.\u0d91\u0db8 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba \u0dc0\u0da9\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dcf\u0db6\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd3, \u0d9a\u0dd4\u0da9\u0dcf \u0db8\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dc0\u0da9\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dda\u0d9c\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dc3\u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca\u0dad \u0d8b\u0db4\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" data-attachment-id=\"3645\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/history-of-computers-lesson-3\/pc-hw-lessons-second-generation\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/pc-hw-lessons-Second-Generation.png?fit=347%2C274&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"347,274\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"pc-hw-lessons-Second Generation\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/pc-hw-lessons-Second-Generation.png?fit=347%2C274&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3645 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/pc-hw-lessons-Second-Generation.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"347\" height=\"274\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Third Generation (\u0dad\u0dd9\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0) (1964-1971)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1960 \u0daf\u0dc1\u0d9a\u0dba\u0dda \u0db8\u0dd0\u0daf \u0db7\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0dba\u0dda \u0d86\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db7 \u0dc0\u0dd6 \u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0d89\u0dad\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dd4\u0da9\u0dcf \u0d92\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0dc3\u0dc4 \u0dc0\u0dda\u0d9c\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca \u0d92\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba. \u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dbd integrated circuits \u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dad\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8 \u0dc3\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dda\u0dc2\u0dd3 \u0dbd\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba. \u0db8\u0dd9\u0dad\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca \u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dad \u0d9a\u0dbd punched card \u0dc4\u0dcf print-out \u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0da7 key-board, monitors \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dd2 \u0db4\u0dc4\u0dc3\u0dd4 \u0d86\u0daf\u0dcf\u0db1 \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0db0\u0dcf\u0db1 \u0d8b\u0db4\u0dcf\u0d82\u0d9c \u0db6\u0dd2\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba.<\/p>\n<p>\u0db8\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd3 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba \u0dad\u0dad\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dba\u0d9a\u0da7 \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd4 \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1 \u0d9c\u0dab\u0db1\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dca \u0db6\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db1 \u0d9c\u0dab\u0db1\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0dba. \u0d91\u0db8 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db6\u0ddc\u0dc4\u0ddd \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dca\u0db8\u0d9a \u0dc3\u0dc4 \u0dc0\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dcf\u0db4\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0d9a\u0da7\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dd4 \u0dc3\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0dc3\u0dd4\u0db8\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8\u0da7 \u0dba\u0ddc\u0daf\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dcf \u0dbd\u0daf\u0dd3. \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba\u0dda \u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda\u0d9c\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8\u0da7 \u0dc3\u0dc4 \u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dad\u0dba \u0db4\u0dc4\u0dc3\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8\u0da7 operating systems \u0dc4\u0db3\u0dd4\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0daf\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0dbd\u0daf\u0dd3. IBM\u2013System 360, \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba \u0dad\u0dd9\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0da7 \u0d8b\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dc4\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0db1\u0db8\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dbd \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a. \u0db1\u0dd0\u0dc0\u0dad \u0db1\u0dd0\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dad\u0dca \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0da9\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dcf\u0db6\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd3, \u0d9a\u0dd4\u0da9\u0dcf \u0db8\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dc0\u0da9\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dda\u0d9c\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dc3\u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca\u0dad \u0d8b\u0db4\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" data-attachment-id=\"3648\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/history-of-computers-lesson-3\/pc-hw-lessons-third-generation\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/pc-hw-lessons-Third-Generation.png?fit=170%2C152&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"170,152\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"pc-hw-lessons-Third Generation\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/pc-hw-lessons-Third-Generation.png?fit=170%2C152&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3648 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/pc-hw-lessons-Third-Generation.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"152\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Fourth Generation (\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0) (1971 &#8211; \u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dad\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dba)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dda\u0dc2\u0dd2\u0dad \u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dc3\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd4 \u0db1\u0ddc\u0dc0\u0dd6 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dd4\u0da9\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8 \u0dc3\u0dc4 \u0dc0\u0dda\u0d9c\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8 \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba. \u0d91\u0dba\u0da7 \u0dc4\u0dda\u0dad\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0dc0\u0dd4\u0dba\u0dda \u0d9a\u0dd4\u0da9\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db4\u0dae \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dcf\u0dbd \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d91\u0d9a\u0dad\u0dd4 \u0d9a\u0dbb \u0d89\u0dad\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dd4\u0da9\u0dcf \u0d89\u0da9\u0d9a \u0dc3\u0dca\u0dae\u0dcf\u0db4\u0dd2\u0dad \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dba\u0dd2. \u0d91\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0dc3\u0dca\u0dae\u0dcf\u0db4\u0dd2\u0dad \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dd1\u0daf\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc4\u0dba silicon chips (Microprocessor \/ chip)\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0dc4\u0db3\u0dd4\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dd2. \u0d91\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dd4\u0da9\u0dcf \u0db1\u0db8\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dca \u0d89\u0dad\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dcf\u0dbd \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dba\u0dd4\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dad \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" data-attachment-id=\"3644\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/history-of-computers-lesson-3\/pc-hw-lessons-fourth-generation\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/pc-hw-lessons-Fourth-Generation.jpg?fit=728%2C546&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"728,546\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"pc-hw-lessons-Fourth Generation\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/pc-hw-lessons-Fourth-Generation.jpg?fit=728%2C546&amp;ssl=1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-3644 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/pc-hw-lessons-Fourth-Generation.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"515\" height=\"386\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db4\u0dc5\u0db8\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a mini computers \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0dc4\u0db3\u0dd4\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0db4\u0dc3\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0d92\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0dad\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dd4\u0da9\u0dcf \u0db6\u0dc0\u0da7 \u0db4\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba. <span style=\"margin: 0px; color: #000000; font-family: 'Nirmala UI'; font-size: 10.5pt;\">\u0db8\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Artificial Intelligence<\/li>\n<li>Knowledge -based expert systems<\/li>\n<li>Very high -level programming languages<\/li>\n<li>Decentralized computing<\/li>\n<li>Very large -scale integration technology (VLSI)<\/li>\n<li>Machines are capable of reasoning and decision making the way human beings does.<\/li>\n<li>Direct human computer interactions<\/li>\n<li>Natural language will be understood by computers.<\/li>\n<li>Ability to store knowledge<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dcf (Computer Generation) First Generation (\u0db4\u0dc5\u0db8\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0) (1951-1958) \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0d89\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dc4\u0dcf\u0dc3\u0dba\u0dda \u0db4\u0dc5\u0db8\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd9 \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a circuits \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0dcf \u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dad \u0d9a\u0db4\u0dcf\u0da7 (Vacuum tubes) memory \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0dcf magnetic drums \u0daf \u0dba\u0ddc\u0daf\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0db1\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8 \u0d86\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db7 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba. \u0d92\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dba \u0d85\u0dad\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d89\u0dad\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dcf\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dd6 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0db8\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0daf \u0d85\u0db0\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba. \u0dad\u0dc0\u0daf \u0d91\u0db8 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dab\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0daf\u0ddd\u0dc2 \u0dc3\u0dc4\u0d9c\u0dad \u0dad\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0db1\u0dca\u0daf \u0d85\u0db0\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba. \u0db4\u0dc5\u0db8\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":66,"featured_media":3627,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[433],"tags":[221,753,755,754,542,463,204,756],"class_list":["post-3636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tutorials","tag-computer","tag-it","tag-learn","tag-lessons","tag-pcguidelk","tag-sinhala","tag-sri-lanka","tag-youtuber"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/phgQiE-WE","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/computer-history.jpg?fit=1020%2C580&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3636","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/66"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3636"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3636\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3636"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3636"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pcguide.lk\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3636"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}